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Transfer Learning for LLMs

Transfer Learning for LLMs

What is Transfer Learning?

Transfer learning means taking a model pre-trained on a large general dataset and adapting it to a specific task or domain. Instead of training from scratch (which costs millions of dollars), you leverage the knowledge already learned.

The LLM Training Pipeline

  1. Pre-training: Train on massive text corpus (web pages, books, code). Learns language understanding. Cost: $1M-$100M+
  2. Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT): Train on curated instruction/response pairs. Learns to follow instructions. Cost: $100-$10K
  3. RLHF/DPO: Align with human preferences using reinforcement learning. Learns what humans consider good responses. Cost: $1K-$100K

When to Fine-Tune vs. Prompt

ApproachBest WhenLimitations
Prompt EngineeringQuick iteration, diverse tasks, small datasetsLimited by context window, higher per-query cost
RAGFactual grounding, frequently changing dataRetrieval errors, latency overhead
Fine-TuningConsistent style/format, domain specialization, latency-sensitiveRequires training data, risk of catastrophic forgetting

Fine-Tuning Use Cases

  • Consistent output format (always valid JSON, specific schema)
  • Domain-specific language (medical, legal, financial terminology)
  • Style matching (brand voice, documentation style)
  • Distillation (training a smaller model to mimic a larger one)

🌼 Daisy+ in Action: Transfer Through Context

Rather than fine-tuning foundation models, Daisy+ takes a transfer learning approach through careful prompt engineering and tool use — the base Claude model's capabilities are "transferred" to ERP-specific tasks through context, system prompts, and structured data access via MCP. This means Daisy+ gets smarter with every Claude model upgrade, without retraining anything.

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